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Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access published online on February 27, 2008
Alcohol and Alcoholism, doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn006
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved

Chronic Alcohol Feeding Induces Biochemical, Histological, and Functional Alterations in Rat Retina

María Sancho-Tello1,2,{dagger}, María Muriach2,{dagger}, Jorge Barcia2, Francisco Bosch-Morell1,2,, José M. Genovés2, Siv Johnsen-Soriano1,2,, Belén Romero2, Inmaculada Almansa2, Manuel Díaz-Llopis3,4,, Salvador García-Delpech4, Joaquín Romá5 and Francisco J. Romero1,2,*

1 Fundación Oftalmológica del Mediterráneo, Valencia, Spain
2 Departamento de Fisiología, Farmacología y Toxicología, Instituto CEU sobre Drogas y Conductas Adictivas (IDYCA), Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Valencia, Spain
3 Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
4 Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
5 Departament de Fisiologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Instituto sobre Drogas y Conductas Adictivas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, C/del Pozo s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia), Spain. Tel.: +34 961369000; Fax: +34 961395272; Email: jromero{at}uch.es

Received 10 August 2007; first review notified 18 December 2007; in revised form 26 December 2007; accepted 3 January 2008


  Abstract

Aims: Ethanol consumption originates a wide spectrum of disorders, including alteration of visual function. Oxidative stress is included among the mechanisms by which alcohol predisposes nervous tissue to injury. Retina, which is the neurosensorial eye tissue, is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. Methods: In this study we analyze the effect of long-term alcohol consumption on oxidative stress parameters of the rat retina, and its correlation to retinal function, as well as to the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. We also study the protective effect of ebselen, a synthetic selenoorganic antioxidant. Results: Herein we show that ethanol has a toxic effect on rat retina associated with oxidative stress. Decreases in retina glutathione concentration and increases in malondialdehyde content in whole eye homogenate significantly correlate with ERG b-wave decrease and Bcl-2 overexpression. We also show how ebselen is able to prevent all the alterations observed. Conclusion: Chronic ethanol consumption induces oxidative stress in rat retina associated with an impairment of ERG and Bcl-2 overexpression, suggesting a role for glial cells. All these alterations in the rat allow the proposal of an alcoholic retinopathy in this species.

{dagger} Both authors contributed equally to this paper.


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