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Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access published online on March 1, 2006
Alcohol and Alcoholism, doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh258
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved
Received October 12, 2005
Revised November 29, 2005
Accepted November 30, 2005

Article

MODERATE ALCOHOL INTAKE AND MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN HEALTH ADVANTAGE AND AT-RISK USE

KENNETH HENG 1, STEPHEN HARGARTEN 2, PETER LAYDE 3, ANDY CRAVEN 4, and SHANKUAN ZHU 3 *

1 Injury Research Centre, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Emergency Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
2 Injury Research Centre, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
3 Injury Research Centre, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
4 Injury Research Centre, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
SHANKUAN ZHU, E-mail: szhu{at}mcw.edu


  Abstract

Aims: To review the evidence on moderate alcohol intake and motor vehicle crash (MVC) risk, and discuss the possible public health tension in balancing risk reduction and increment with respect to moderate alcohol intake. Method: A Medline review was conducted on moderate alcohol intake, MVC, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Result: Moderate alcohol intake (24 g ethanol, two US standard drinks, or less a day) is associated with 20% reduction in risk of CVD. Public awareness of this may contribute to why rates of driving with blood alcohol content (BAC) <0.08 g/dl in the United States are static. Studies show 3- to 17-fold increased risk of a fatal MVC with BAC < 0.08 g/dl compared to sober drivers. The United States has 0.08 g/dl BAC laws, higher than that reached by a driver drinking two drinks per day or less. Conclusion: The public should be educated that although moderate alcohol drinking may not violate BAC laws, it still carries significant risk of MVC. Current BAC laws in some countries needs re-evaluation.


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