Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access published online on February 20, 2006
Alcohol and Alcoholism, doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh246
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1 Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, FIN-70101 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Aims: To assess the risk of depression for subjects with or without heavy drinking occasions after adjusting for the average long-term alcohol consumption, age, gender, marital status, employment status, and chronic diseases. Methods: In a cross-sectional population survey (N = 3124) carried out in Finland in 1997, long-term average alcohol consumption was assessed by a self-administered quantity-frequency questionnaire. A heavy drinking occasion was defined as six or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women consumed at one session. The self-administered 21-item Beck Depression Inventory score of
Received June 23, 2005
Revised November 1, 2005
Accepted November 1, 2005
Article
HEAVY DRINKING OCCASIONS AND DEPRESSION
LAURA MANNINEN 1,
KARI POIKOLAINEN 2,
ERKKI VARTIAINEN 3,
and
TIINA LAATIKAINEN 3 *
2 Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, FIN-00531 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
3 Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
TIINA LAATIKAINEN, E-mail: Tiina.Laatikainen{at}ktl.fi
Abstract 
10 was classified as clinically significant depression. Results: Ex-drinkers and subjects with heavy drinking occasions had more often clinically significant depression compared with lifelong abstainers and individuals without heavy drinking occasions. In addition to the drinking habit, the risk for clinically significant depression increased also with age. Men aged 45-64 years with heavy drinking occasions had 2.3 times higher risk for depression compared with young men (aged 25-34 years) without heavy drinking occasions. The respective risk for old women was 2.2 times higher. Conclusions: Drinking pattern with heavy drinking occasions is independently associated with clinically significant depression irrespective of average long-term alcohol consumption.
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