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Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access published online on April 4, 2005
Alcohol and Alcoholism, doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh157
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved
Received April 23, 2003
Accepted December 30, 2003

Article

POLYMORPHISMS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E AND ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENES AND CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HEAVY DRINKERS

MALGORZATA BEDNARSKA-MAKARUK 1*, MARIA RODO 1, CEZARY MARKUSZEWSKI 2, ANNA ROZENFELD 3, MALGORZATA SWIDERSKA 4, BOGUSLAW HABRAT 2, and HANNA WEHR 1

1 Department of Genetics, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
2 Department of Substance Dependence Prevention and Treatment, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
3 Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
4 Analytical Laboratory Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
MALGORZATA BEDNARSKA-MAKARUK, E-mail: makaruk{at}ipin.edu.pl


  Abstract

Aims: To investigate the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms on carotid artery atherosclerosis in alcoholism. Methods: Polymorphism of both genes was identified by DNA analysis in 130 male alcohol-dependent patients. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured ultrasonographically. Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed that of all the known risk factors the greatest impact on carotid atherosclerosis in alcoholics was exerted by age, hypertension, LDL cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels. Subjects carrying the APO E {varepsilon}4 allele were more liable to develop atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries compared with subjects with the {varepsilon}3/3 genotype, which showed statistical significance in patients under 50 years of age. No association was shown between ACE I/D polymorphism and carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusions: APO E polymorphism can increase the risk of carotid atherosclerosis development in an alcoholic subject. The association of the APO E {varepsilon}4 allele with carotid atherosclerosis was significant in younger patients. Since the elevated carotid IMT is considered to be a good marker of increased risk of generalized atherosclerosis the consequences could involve both cardiac and cerebrovascular events.


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