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Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access published online on August 2, 2004
Alcohol and Alcoholism, doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh080
© 2004 by Medical Council on Alcohol
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Received February 7, 2004
Revised May 21, 2004
Accepted May 23, 2004

Article

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND MENTAL HEALTH IN PATIENTS ATTENDING AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

ROSA ALATI 1*, STUART KINNER 1, JAKE M. NAJMAN 1, GREG FOWLER 1, KERRIANNE WATT 2, DAVID GREEN 3

1 Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre (QADREC), School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
2 Violence Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Wales Health, South Wales, United Kingdom
3 Accident and Emergency Department, Gold Coast Hospital, QLD 4215, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: r.alati{at}sph.uq.edu.au.


  Abstract

Aims: There is evidence of a non-linear relationship between alcohol consumption and mental health status, and of an association between tobacco use and poor mental health. This paper examines the nature of the association between usual alcohol consumption, tobacco use and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Emergency Department patients in Queensland, Australia. Methods: A cross sectional survey of patients aged 16-84 presenting for treatment over a 14 day period to Gold Coast Hospital Emergency Department using socio-demographic items, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to measure moderate, hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure state anxiety and depression. Results: 812 patients were interviewed. Gender differences in results were evident. For men, there was a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety/depression, and a linear association between smoking and anxiety. For women, alcohol consumption and anxiety/depression showed a more linear relationship, but there was no significant relationship between tobacco use and anxiety/depression. Conclusions: There may be important gender differences in the relationships between alcohol consumption, tobacco use and mental health status. This study supports previous evidence that mental health status of non-drinkers is worse than that of moderate drinkers, but only among males.


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