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Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access originally published online on April 4, 2005
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2005 40(4):274-282; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh157
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved

POLYMORPHISMS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E AND ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENES AND CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HEAVY DRINKERS

MALGORZATA BEDNARSKA-MAKARUK*, MARIA RODO, CEZARY MARKUSZEWSKI1, ANNA ROZENFELD2, MALGORZATA SWIDERSKA3, BOGUSLAW HABRAT1 and HANNA WEHR

Department of Genetics, 1 Department of Substance Dependence Prevention and Treatment, 2 Second Department of Neurology and 3 Analytical Laboratory Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel.: +48 22 4582699; Fax: +48 22 8589169; E-mail: makaruk{at}ipin.edu.pl

(First received 23 April 2003; accepted 30 December 2003)

Aims: To investigate the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms on carotid artery atherosclerosis in alcoholism. Methods: Polymorphism of both genes was identified by DNA analysis in 130 male alcohol-dependent patients. Intima–media thickness (IMT) was measured ultrasonographically. Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed that of all the known risk factors the greatest impact on carotid atherosclerosis in alcoholics was exerted by age, hypertension, LDL cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels. Subjects carrying the APO E{varepsilon}4 allele were more liable to develop atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries compared with subjects with the {varepsilon}3/3 genotype, which showed statistical significance in patients under 50 years of age. No association was shown between ACE I/D polymorphism and carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusions: APO E polymorphism can increase the risk of carotid atherosclerosis development in an alcoholic subject. The association of the APO E {varepsilon}4 allele with carotid atherosclerosis was significant in younger patients. Since the elevated carotid IMT is considered to be a good marker of increased risk of generalized atherosclerosis the consequences could involve both cardiac and cerebrovascular events.


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