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Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 232-238, 2003
© 2003 Medical Council on Alcohol

DECREASED RISK OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE AND/OR MISUSE IN WOMEN WITH HIGH SELF-ASSERTIVENESS AND LEADERSHIP ABILITIES

G. Hensing*, F. Spak, K. L. Thundal and A. Östlund

Department of Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Box 453, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden

Received 15 April 2002; first review notified 18 November 2002; accepted 9 December 2002

Aims: To analyse dimensions of gender identity and its association to psychiatric disorders and alcohol consumption. Methods: The study was performed in two stages: an initial screening (n = 8335) for alcohol consumption, followed by a structured psychiatric interview (n = 1054). The Masculinity/Femininity-Questionnaire was used as an indicator of gender identity. The final study group included 836 women. Results: Leadership, caring, self-assertiveness and emotionality were dimensions of gender identity found in a factor analysis. Low self-assertiveness, high emotionality and to some extent low leadership were associated with increased odds for having bipolar disorders, severe anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence and misuse. Low self-assertiveness and high emotionality were not only associated with alcohol dependence and misuse, but also with high episodic drinking. Conclusions: There was an association between some of the dimensions of gender identity and psychiatric disorders and alcohol consumption. Further attention is needed in both clinical work and research.


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