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Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 485-494, 2002
© 2002 Medical Council on Alcohol

PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ENTITLED: 'GABAB RECEPTORS: A TARGET OF NEW TREATMENTS FOR ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE'

GABAergic MECHANISMS OF OPIATE REINFORCEMENT

Zheng-Xiong Xi and Elliot A. Stein1,*

Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 and
1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA

Received 20 February 2002; first review notified 27 March 2002; )

ABSTRACT

The neurobiological mechanisms of opiate-induced reinforcement are still not completely understood. Over the past two decades, the vast majority of studies have focused on the role of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. However, current studies strongly suggest that opiate actions on {gamma}-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic cells in both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) appear to play critical roles. In this review, we focus on the neurochemical substrates of opiate reinforcement and review the role of DA and non-DA substrates, including opioid, GABA, glutamate and serotonin on opiate-reinforced behaviour and the activity of dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the VTA and the NAcc.


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