Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access published online on October 8, 2008
Alcohol and Alcoholism, doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn081
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Energy Intake Estimates of Respondent-Measured Alcoholic Beverages
1 Center for Weight and Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
2 Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, CA, USA
* Corresponding author: Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville CA 94608, USA. Tel: +1-510-597-3440; Fax: +1-510-985-6459; E-mail: wkerr{at}arg.org
Received 26 September 2007; first review notified 6 December 2007; in revised form 16 June 2008, 6 August 2008 and 3 September 2008; accepted 16 September 2008
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Abstract |
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Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate a methodology for estimating detailed energy intake from alcoholic beverages. Methods: Participants were 315 monthly drinkers who completed a drink-measuring exercise. Energy intake from alcohol and non-alcohol ingredients was calculated for all beverages consumed. Results: Measured alcoholic beverages had on average 140 kilocalories, with 26% of the energy coming from non-alcohol ingredients. The average monthly kilocalorie intake, from all alcoholic beverage types, was 6423 kilocalories. Self-measured wine and spirits drinks contained more energy than reference standards for size and ethanol concentration. Conclusions: Amount and sources of kilocalories differ by drink type, gender, age, education and BMI. Researchers and consumers should be aware of this variation and its sources.