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Alcohol and Alcoholism 2006 41(Supplement 1):i47-i55; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl075
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIETAL LEVEL FACTORS ON MEN'S AND WOMEN'S ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND ALCOHOL PROBLEMS

GIORA RAHAV1,*, RICHARD WILSNACK2, KIM BLOOMFIELD3,4, GERHARD GMEL5,6 and SANDRA KUNTSCHE5

1 Department of Sociology, Tel Aviv University, 2 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 3 Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark, 4 Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité—University Medicine Berlin, Germany, 5 Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems (SIPA) and 6 Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Fax: +972 3 6409215; E-mail: grrhv{at}post.tau.ac.il

Aims: To identify the pattern of gender differences in drinking across societies, and to its association with other societal characteristics. Methods: The aggregated results of GENACIS project surveys in 29 countries were examined and were compared with other characteristics of these societies. Results: In all the participating societies men's drinking was more prevalent and heavier than women's drinking. Differences between countries in the gender gap in drinking were strongly associated with women's position in society, as well as with modernization. Similar results were obtained for indicators of alcohol's adverse consequences. Conclusions: Gender differences should be studied not only as individual behaviours, but also as societal traits, associated with other characteristics of the social system.


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