Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access originally published online on October 18, 2006
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2006 41(6):664-671; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl087
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AVERAGE VOLUME OF ALCOHOL CONSUMED, TYPE OF BEVERAGE, DRINKING PATTERN AND THE RISK OF DEATH FROM ALL CAUSES
1 Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council of Victoria, 2 Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia and 3 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council of Victoria, 100 Drummond Street, Carlton Vic 3053, Melbourne, Australia; Tel.: +61 3 9635 5155; Fax: +61 3 9635 5330; E-mail: graham.giles{at}cancervic.org.au
(Received 28 August 2006; in revised form 28 August 2006; accepted 5 September 2006)
Background: The objective was to investigate associations between average volume of alcohol consumption, type of beverage and drinking pattern and all-cause mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Methods: Average consumption, including type of beverage, was estimated from beverage-specific questions on quantity and frequency of consumption. Pattern of consumption was estimated from a 7-day diary. During an average of 10.5 years of follow-up of 36 984 participants, 1971 deaths occurred. Results: For both men and women, mortality curves were J-shaped (nadir at 9–12 g/day of alcohol consumption; upper protective dose of 42–76 g/day). Wine consumption was associated with lower mortality (for men, minimum hazard ratio (HR) at 20–39 g/day of wine consumption: 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54–0.87; for women, minimum HR at 1–19 g/day: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.98). Beer was associated with an increased risk for men (test for trend, P = 0.05), but not for women. After adjustment for total amount of alcohol consumed, the number of drinking-days was inversely associated with the risk of dying in men (P-trend = 0.04). Conclusions: These results confirm previous findings about the effect of average volume of alcohol and type of beverage and suggest that drinking pattern is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality.
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