Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access originally published online on November 29, 2004
Alcohol and Alcoholism 2005 40(1):63-75; doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh119
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Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 40, No. 1 © Medical Council on Alcohol 2005; all rights reserved
REVIEW
ALCOHOL AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Center for the Neurobehavioral Study of Alcohol, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. Tel.: +1 717 531 8285; Fax: +1 717 531 0419; E-mail: kvrana{at}psu.edu
(Received 4 August 2004; first review notified 17 August 2004; in revised form 2 September 2004; accepted 24 October 2004)
Aims: To describe recent research focusing on the analysis of gene and protein expression relevant to understanding ethanol consumption, dependence and effects, in order to identify common themes. Methods: A selective literature search was used to collate the relevant data. Results: Over 160 genes have been individually assessed before or after ethanol administration, as well as in genetically selected lines. Techniques for studying gene expression include northern blots, differential display, real time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and in situ hybridization. More recently, high throughput functional genomic technology, such as DNA microarrays, has been used to examine gene expression. Recent gene expression analyses have dramatically increased the number of candidate genes (nine array papers have illuminated 600 novel gene transcripts that may contribute to alcohol abuse and alcoholism). Conclusions: Although functional genomic experiments (transcriptome analysis) have failed to identify a single alcoholism gene, they have illuminated important pathways and gene products that may contribute to the risk of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
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