Alcohol and Alcoholism Advance Access originally published online on August 2, 2004
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Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 463-469, 2004
Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 39, No. 5 © Medical Council on Alcohol 2004; all rights reserved
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND MENTAL HEALTH IN PATIENTS ATTENDING AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
1 Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre (QADREC), School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4006, Australia, 2 Violence Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Wales Health, South Wales, United Kingdom and 3 Accident and Emergency Department, Gold Coast Hospital, QLD 4215, Australia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre (QADREC), The University of Queensland, 1st Floor, Public Health Building, Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia. Tel.: 0061 7 3365 5281; Fax: 0061 7 3365 5509; E-mail: r.alati{at}sph.uq.edu.au
(Received 7 February 2004; first review notified 12 April 2004; in revised form 21 May 2004; accepted 23 May 2004)
Aims: There is evidence of a non-linear relationship between alcohol consumption and mental health status, and of an association between tobacco use and poor mental health. This paper examines the nature of the association between usual alcohol consumption, tobacco use and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Emergency Department patients in Queensland, Australia. Methods: A cross sectional survey of patients aged 16–84 presenting for treatment over a 14 day period to Gold Coast Hospital Emergency Department using socio-demographic items, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to measure moderate, hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure state anxiety and depression. Results: 812 patients were interviewed. Gender differences in results were evident. For men, there was a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety/depression, and a linear association between smoking and anxiety. For women, alcohol consumption and anxiety/depression showed a more linear relationship, but there was no significant relationship between tobacco use and anxiety/depression. Conclusions: There may be important gender differences in the relationships between alcohol consumption, tobacco use and mental health status. This study supports previous evidence that mental health status of non-drinkers is worse than that of moderate drinkers, but only among males.
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