Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 340-345, 2004
Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 39, No. 4 © Medical Council on Alcohol 2004; all rights reserved
BLOOD ALCOHOL IS THE BEST INDICATOR OF HAZARDOUS ALCOHOL DRINKING IN YOUNG ADULTS AND WORKING-AGE PATIENTS WITH TRAUMA
1 Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University, Tampere and Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Box 25, Oulu, FIN-90029, Finland. Tel.: +358 8 315 4137; Fax: +358 8 315 4544; E-mail: osavola{at}paju.oulu.fi
(Received 19 September 2003; first review notified 1 December 2003; in revised form 18 March 2004; accepted 20 March 2004)
Aims: To determine the most effective marker of hazardous alcohol drinking in trauma patients. Methods: A prospective study of 349 trauma patients aged 16–49 years admitted into a general hospital trauma centre. Information on the amount and pattern of alcohol drinking was obtained by interview. Blood or breath alcohol concentration (BAC), serum gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes were measured as markers of alcohol consumption. Results: In this series, 8% of all trauma patients were found to be dependent drinkers, while 61% were frequent binge drinkers, 17% infrequent binge drinkers, 8% light-to-moderate drinkers and 6% nondrinkers. On admission, the BAC test was positive in 68% of the hazardous drinkers (i.e. dependent drinkers or frequent binge drinkers). Using a cut-off level of >0 mg/dl, the sensitivity and specificity of the BAC test for identifying hazardous drinking were 68% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 61–73%) and 94% (95% CI, 87–97%), respectively, and the positive predictive value was 96% (95% CI, 92–98%). GGT, MCV, CDT and AST were less accurate indicators of hazardous drinking. BAC was the least expensive marker. Conclusions: Two-thirds of trauma patients were hazardous drinkers, and blood alcohol on admission was an accurate indicator of this. BAC should be systematically used in trauma centres if patients are to be selected for an alcohol intervention.
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