Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 559-567, 2003
© 2003 Medical Council on Alcohol
CORRELATES OF EXTERNALIZING SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN FROM FAMILIES OF ALCOHOLICS AND CONTROLS
Department of Psychiatry, University of California and the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
(Received 18 February 2003; accepted 18 June 2003)
* Author to who correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Psychiatry (116A), University of California, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161–2002, USA. Tel.: 858 552 8585 ext. 7978; Fax: 858 552 7424. E-mail: mschuckit{at}ucsd.edu
Aims: This paper describes a new stage in the ongoing evaluation of the original families of sons of alcoholics and controls where we now focus on the relationships among relevant domains of functioning in their young sons and daughters. Methods: The data were gathered from the 15-year follow-up of the families of the original probands (the fathers of these offspring) who had been selected from among students and non-academic staff at a university at approximately age 20. At the 15-year evaluation of these families, a structured interview and the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) questionnaire were administered to a parent, usually the mother, of 145 offspring age seven through 17. The eight domains evaluated here included the extended family histories of alcohol use disorders, parental alcoholism, independent mood or anxiety disorders in the grandparents and parents, the history of potential brain insults early in life, the absence of a biological parent in the home, and scores for internalizing symptoms, with externalizing symptoms as the dependent variable. Results: Correlations among the domains were all in the predicted direction, a structural equation model revealed empirical results with an R2 of 0.26, and there were high goodness of fit characteristics for hypothesized and empirical models. The results were similar for boys and girls and older versus younger offspring. Conclusions: An understanding of the relationships among characteristics in the offspring of the original probands offers the opportunity of establishing levels of functioning in relevant domains before the onset of alcohol-related problems or related disorders. The data presented here represent a baseline upon which future follow-ups will evaluate substance-related problems and disorders as this population matures.