Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 573-576, 2002
© 2002 Medical Council on Alcohol
ACCURACY OF QUANTITY–FREQUENCY AND GRADUATED FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRES IN MEASURING ALCOHOL INTAKE: COMPARISON WITH DAILY DIARY AND COMMONLY USED LABORATORY MARKERS
1 Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, P. O. Box 220, FIN-00531 Helsinki,
2 Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki,
3 Medical School, University of Tampere, P. O. Box 719, 33101 Tampere and
4 Research Unit of Substance Abuse Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
Received 11 February 2002; in revised form 28 March 2002; accepted 1 May 2002
— Aims: To ascertain the accuracy of a quantity–frequency questionnaire (QF) and a graduated frequency questionnaire (GF) as methods of obtaining self-reported alcohol intake in relation to a daily diary and biochemical tests. Methods: QF and GF data were obtained before and after a 1-month daily diary on alcohol intake in a sample of 52 volunteers aged 20–63 years, of whom 43 were female. A blood sample to measure serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), 
-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was obtained at the outset. Results: Both QF and GF correlated closely with daily diary intake (r > 0.90). Compared with a daily diary, the mean QF intake was slightly lower, whereas the mean GF intake was 2-fold. The apparent overestimation by GF was independent of the actual consumption level. Self-reported alcohol intake by each method correlated closely with serum ASAT, ALAT and GGT (r = 0.41–0.67) but not with CDT. Conclusions: In adults motivated to recall alcohol intake, both QF and GF classify individuals in the correct rank order, but GF probably overestimates actual alcohol consumption.
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