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Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 584-587, 2001
© 2001 Medical Council on Alcohol

TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER INVENTORY (TCI) PERSONALITY PROFILE AND SUB-TYPING IN ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS: A CONTROLLED STUDY

P. Basiaux,*, O. le Bon, M. Dramaix2, I. Massat1, D. Souery1, J. Mendlewicz1, I. Pelc and P. Verbanck

Free University of Brussels, Brugmann University Hospital, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Department, Place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels,
1 Free University of Brussels, Erasme University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels and
2 Free University of Brussels, Erasme University Hospital, Public Health Department, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium

Received 27 November 2000; first review notified 29 April 2001; accepted 4 June 2001

— Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality profile was used to compare alcohol-dependent patients with non-psychiatric control subjects, and a search made for sub-types of alcoholics with different TCI profiles, using the criteria age of onset of alcohol-related problems, paternal dependence on alcohol and familial antecedents of alcohol dependence. Alcohol-dependent patients (n = 38) were characterized by higher Novelty-Seeking [corresponding to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) group B personality type] and lower Self-Directedness than non-psychiatric control subjects (n = 47). Lower Self-Directedness indicates a higher probability of personality disorder in the alcohol-dependent population. Only age of onset of alcohol-related problems delineated the two sub-populations with different TCI profiles: early-onset alcoholics (<=25 years of age, n = 19), but not late-onset ones (n = 16), in comparison with control subjects, were associated with higher Novelty-Seeking. Both early and late-onset patients scored lower on Self-Directedness than control subjects. Self-Directedness and Cooperation scores were lower in early-onset than in late-onset patients. These results in part support Cloninger's typology, and the TCI data add to evidence concerning a higher probability of personality disorder in alcohol-dependent patients, particularly those with early-onset.


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