© 1989 Medical Council on Alcohol
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ETHANOL-INDUCED SKELETAL MUSCLE MYOPATHY: BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS ON TYPE I AND TYPE II FIBRE-RICH MUSCLES IN THE YOUNG RAT
*Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College School of Medicine and dentistry Denmark Hill, London SE5 9PJ, U.K.
Departments of Morbid Anatomy, King's College School of Medicine and dentistry Denmark Hill, London SE5 9PJ, U.K.
Section of Histopathology, MRC Clinical Research Centre Harrow, Middlesex, U.K.
Correspondence to: Dr Victor R. Preedy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King College School of Medicine and Dentistry, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, U.K.
Received 26 July 1989; accepted 21 August 1989
Rats were pair-fed either a nutritionally complete liquid diet containing 36% of total calories as ethanol or isovolumetric amounts of the same diet in which ethanol was substituted by isocaloric glucose. Chronic ethanol feeding caused a preferential decline in the wet weight of the plantaris (predominantly Type II muscle fibre) which was accompanied by a reduction in the total DNA content. The soleus (a predominantly Type I fibre muscle) was relatively unaffected. Chronic ethanol exposure had no effect on the biochemical index of cell size protein/DNA ratio) in either the plantaris or soleus. Quantitative histochemistry of Type II fibres in the plantaris demonstrated that ethanol caused an increase in the proportion of fibres with smaller diameters. Similar effects were observed for Type II fibres in the soleus. In contrast, ethanol exposure was associated with an increase in the relative proportion of Type I fibres with higher diameters, in both plantaris and soleus. Light microscopic examination of myopathic muscle sections demonstrated that lesions occurred without evidence of inflammation, fibrosis or other infiltration by non-muscle cells. It is concluded that chronic exposure of rats to ethanol is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. The lesion appears to be specific for Type II fibres, irrespective of the predominant fibre type in the particular muscle.
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